• Soya and other cardiovascular effects
• Blood pressure
• Vascular function
• Anti-oxydant and anti- inflammatory effects
• Platelets
• Smooth muscle cells

Studies done in vitro, have suggested that isoflavones also affect the smooth muscle cells that are involved in atherosclerosis promotion and progression. Genistein was reported to inhibit the migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (1-4).

1. Mäkelä S. Differentiation between vasculoprotective and uterotrophic effects of ligands with different binding affinities to estrogen receptors alpha and beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999 Jun(8); 96(12): 7077-7082
   
   
2. Fujio Y. Responses of smooth muscle cells to platelet-derived growth factor are inhibited by herbimychin-A tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993 Aug 31; 195(1): 79-83.
   
   
3. Shimokado K. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit multiple steps of the cell cycle of vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Cell Res 1995 Oct; 220(2): 266-273.
   
   
4. Shimokado K. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit chemotaxis of vascular smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb 1994 Jun; 14(6): 973-981.